aboriginals

by

A Time for Peace

Hail Bravehearts!.

To a strong and brave new day.
The ancients rose to a world of grandeur. Awesome planet with marvels to explore. Awesome human with daring to discover. Brilliant exchange of the marvelous wonders of the Earth, to stimulate the intellect of brilliant human minds. Where shall we go, oh brave ones? Where does the fascinating wonder take us?
The hunters and gatherers followed the great herds of migrating animals. The roaming beasts led them through valleys and plains, following a path of instinct to fertile areas for feeding and mating and bearing their young. The vast herds of wildlife, co-existing with their own predators. The migrating humans, following their food supply, the migrating predator, following their own food supply. A compatible niche of predator prey relations, of environmental sustainability, of the Earth, keeping its ecosystems intact.
The human, with simple needs of survival, but a brain in need of self fulfillment. Go there, oh brave ones and seek the destiny of your fine minds. Oh brilliant inventors, who eased the struggle of the masses, who taught the people to hunt and fish, to build and cook. The need of the brain is high. Explore and adventure, stretch your legs and your minds. Fine humans, to evolve to such greatness, of medicines and industry, of space exploration and travel, of culture and music and games and sport. Fine human, with skills so worthy, the Earth is your home and it saves you.
Plunder no more, oh great ones, for in this festive time of feast and plenty, of holidaying and cheer, of goodwill and peace, the Earth gives up more of its bounty and your stomachs overfill.
We starve!
Where is the food in a world with so much plenty? The starving, again. Our farms are productive, our industry secure. Food is wasted and the people starve.

http://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/holiday—celebration-recipes/christmas-recipes Christmas holiday recipes

Yet in this time of celebration and joy, we cast off our burdens and sing with praises: Joy! Joy for the living, joy for the earth, joy for creation and joy for the birth!
It’s time, in our weary lives of strife and struggle, to throw off the chains of pain and animosity and rejoice in the wonder of the heavens and the earth. A time to sing, a time to pray, a time to laugh and a time to play. The joy of creation, where all is one. An Earth of beauty, of prosperity, of hope and caring. A birth of great wisdom, a holiday of peace, to all of you living, this holiday is for giving. The child of wonder, so dear and so pure. To celebrate living, only once a year!
This holiday is for everyone, regardless of everything. Christmas is a time for holiness and love, peace enduring. What represents life and love and humanity, only comes to us, once a year.
Hail, oh brave ones, in this time of gladness, spread peace and joy and love and kindness. A short season of happiness and giving, of love, laugh, life and living.
To celebrate peace, only once a year. A marvelous birth, to bring us great joy. Lay down your weapons and war no more.

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
December 20, 2014

Into the Sea
by

Into the Sea

Hail Bravehearts

To the adventure of your lives! What’s out there?
The inventor is the genius who calls us. Rally your spirits oh brave ones and join the adventure of the day. To challenges and perseverance, to the call of the wild and the wind, to set sail on the great ocean and to let your spirits soar with the thrill of adventure.
That far off land mass, too far to swim to, the oceans too dangerous, with lurking sea life. To swim the channel and cross the strait, hopping from island to island until what? Now, that ones too far, so great genius, show us the way. Invent something, so that we can continue on our journey of discovery.
The fabulous planet, so awesome and intriguing, compelling the spirit of this early species, to explore. Come, oh brave ones, venture forth, into the wonder of the great planet, into the wonder of the world. Cast your eyes, oh brave ones, onto the splendor of the earth. Feast from the fruits of the trees, the abundance of the vegetation, the shy prey and the tantalizing delicacies of the sea. View the wondrous, breathtaking awe of the beauty of the earth. Explore, oh brave ones, see the marvelous planet and behold the wonder of its creation. Another new land, another new world, still more beauty, more life, more variety, more wonder and more greatness. The awesome planet, compels the early human, come, venture, there is still more.

http://www.dnalc.org/view/15892-Human-migrations-map-interactive-2D-animation.html map showing the migration of homo erectus

This early man, with skills and tools, has imagination and daring. An intelligent mind with creativity and curiosity. Great inventor, who’s skills create tools, who hunts and roams, and travels the world, spreading himself throughout continents and crossing seas. Cast yourselves adrift, oh mighty ones, into the roaring seas and set your focus on the new world. For man is man and the species of a million years ago, spread himself throughout the warm climates of the earth. A migration from land to land to island to island, by means of some sort of seaworthy craft. Following game, hunting and gathering. Exploring and building and populating the world.
Hail, oh brave ones. Follow your instincts. The world opens it’s divine doors and presents the fabulous, the exciting, the intriguing, the breathtaking, the challenge.
800,000 years ago the challenge was to reach an island and homo erectus built a raft. A raft that carried him to the new world, a land of beauty and discovery. A new world and a new home. A raft that carried him all throughout the islands of Indonesia. Some were close, some were far. The daring adventure of the seafaring sailor, travelling the mighty oceans in search of the new world.
Oh spirited species, with brave intentions, to venture to the unknown. Time and again, to cast the raft into the sea.
Climb aboard all you stalwarts, brave hearts are we. Come, join us. Into the world, into the land of discovery. Come with us, as we cast ourselves, into the sea, for exploration, discovery and for adventure.

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
November 5, 2014

Boats and Things
by

Boats and Things

Hail Bravehearts

To the ingenuity of early man. Praises to the brilliance. To the inventor, the genius who can’t stop learning. Since the time before humans, boats have been built. With skill and ingenuity, to cross the high seas, in search of discovery, new worlds, new beginnings, new adventure, new life, new home, a new land.
Brave homo erectus, 800,000 years ago, lashed together reeds to sail the high seas. An intelligent forerunner of the human, so daring and interested, to find out what lies beyond the comfortable domain of his estate. To hand to us the skills and invention of ocean going craft.
A daring adventure on quiet waters, poling a raft around the rivers. Caution and careful, trial and error, not to tip or fall into the water. The genius at work, preparing for a great day. A day on the water, maneuvering carefully, learning skills without a teacher. Teach yourselves, to build and propel, to drive the craft and to be in control. Time and again, the master at work, reading the water, for eddies and rapids and rocky outcrops, sand bars and current, undertoe and dangerous deadfall. What catches the craft and spins it out of control? Into the deep water, where the pole cannot touch bottom. Dangerous, yet thrilling! The raft moves on, controlled by the current, until, luckily it breaches on the rocky bottom. Victory! Another lesson learned, the hard way, but this is the only teacher they had. A longer pole, a larger raft, another attempt. Try again, to build and control, to master the water and to ride the seas.
The destiny will be to conquer the ocean and reach the land mass that lies beyond.

http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~vaucher/History/Prehistoric_Craft/ sail the high seas.

A simple vessel, but not from a simple mind. The migration of the species to lands beyond is accomplished by the brave and the daring, the curious and the willing. Who would like to ride in the boat of simple reads, lashed together, and to take their chances on the high seas? The migration to the new worlds has begun and the pursuit of adventure and discovery is upon us. 800,000 years ago, the spirit of discovery is compelling. To new worlds, to seek new land, to discover more and more. Ancient as they are, the drive for discovery and adventure is in them. A new frontier to be explored. A quest which ignites the flame of power and curiosity. What lies beyond our own safe home? What is out there?
Brave homo erectus, who sails the oceans, the mighty waters couldn’t stop them. Only the discovery, the opportunity, the chance to answer the still, so often asked question. What lies beyond?

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
October 30, 2014

The Water Highway
by

The Water Highway

Good day Bravehearts

Feel the rush of the wind as it sweeps across the land, bringing the scents of summer fragrance to fill your mind. The aromatherapy of the earth. Pine, juniper, spring meadows and wild grasses. The smell of the forest with mosses and flowers. The cool shade of trees and the rich, enticing landscape. Venture forth, oh brave ones, the wild calls you.
The dance and play of rushing streams, the life force of rivers, and the clean, superb, land, with it’s sport and leisure. The health of the nation lies in this landscape. So much to do, in sport, in leisure, in adventure and in education. Out into the great land, for health and fitness, for rest and for meditation.
The wild! Every day adventure for the uncommon lives of the people of this country.
The rushing rivers cast their spell. The voyage by raft will take you into the great unknown. A wild river, a rushing torrent, a wet and wild and chilly adventure. The current sweeps you into the middle, to rapids and whirlpools and eddies. The diving and swirling craft dips and heaves as the pounding water floods its sides and plunges it into holes and narrowly past rocks and waterfalls.
Fun!
The whitewater raft ride of todays enjoyment is a link to the waterways of yesteryear. David Thompson, with his raft piled high with furs, transported his earnings through the Canadian waterway highways. A nation of river exploration. A nation of wilderness exploration. A nation of markets and trade.

http://www.cbc.ca/sevenwonders/ canoe

The waterways were the highways of trade. Plied for transportation, for convenience, for travel and for adventure. The past time of canoing and boating serves us well, as we venture deeper and deeper into the heart of the land.
Summer! The pristine blue lakes of summer fun. The cooling, quenching waters of joy! The days of lazy dreaming in beaches of sand and grass, the pearls of seashells washed ashore, the endless waves, lapping the shore. The joys of clean, cool water as is soothes the hot and tired body. Fresh water for swimming. Clean water, for a cool summer swim.
The water. A gateway into the heart of the land and a pathway to endless summer fun. Ply the waters with your sturdy craft, maneuver into the surging current. Your paddle dips to the rhythm of your partners beat and the drums of your heartbeat set the pace. Onward. Onward. The constant motion moving the craft. The skills of your paddling, pushing you on. The lakes, the rivers, the water trade routes. A past time of pleasure, where yesterday meets us. The voyage of discovery to new lands, new people, new trade and new wealth.

http://www.birchbarkcanoe.net/video-canoe.htm

A home of opportunity waiting for discovery.
The ancient art of boats and river travel, of discovery of land and people. We travel with our forefathers in a journey that never ends, to a destination that stretches on. We fill our days with summer fun, in a land of sweeping landscapes and the water. The water highway.
written by Dr. Louise Hayes
June 29, 2014

The Call of the Land
by

The Call of the Land

Good morning, you awesome human.

The great wild opened its wide arms and enticed the adventurer into it’s heart. Bravehearts, whispers the land, come into my home and I will fill your mind and heart with the dreams that only the brave can dare to dream. Awesome human, adventure here and I will share the bounty of the earth with you.
The mountains, so stunning and grand,so powerful and majestic, so filled with danger and joy. Each step into the great wild, leads to a path of earthly splendor. The joy of new life as the brave entered the land, the joy of the power of the thrill of discovery, the joy of being brave! Still in our hearts, the joy of being brave, entices us to new life, new love, new land, new beginning. A lifetime travelling in the footsteps of courageous frontiersmen, who sought the wild with energy and passion. Come! calls the great land and the energy and passion of another great day, drives us onward to new delight.

http://trailerchicgirls.com/2014/03/13/liam-and-jake/

The land is so immense, so protected, so divine and so wild. The dreams of a new country, with a history of courageous conquest, another mile to paddle, another mountain peak to climb. Onward and onward the journey to nationhood lied in the strength and mind of the indomitable man. The brilliant human, with foresight and determination. A nation of our own. For us, bravehearts.
The land called the adventurer from across the seas. Listen, almighty ones, I have treasures to share. Come they did, with the power and determination of the brave. The land, filled with caring humans, wild beasts, continuous waterways, forested landscapes and song. The song of the wild as it sings to your hearts. It sings with joy and passion and fills your mind with the peace of it’s creation. Joy calls the great land. I am here to bring you the great joy that a life, lived well will bring you. The powerful landscape, the awesome wild creatures, the adventure, forever in your minds will live in your hearts forever.
Protect me, calls the great land, and I will save you.
The small beginning of a small national park, set in motion a dream of protected places and protected lives. A national dream in a nation founded on the passion, the energy, the determination of people so robust that the adventure of the land, called them deeper and deeper into the wild and breathtaking, brilliant beauty of the land. Come, called the land, and out of the misted shroud of clouded ocean, came the first of thousands of Europeans, called by the land.

http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/index.aspx

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
June 11, 2014

A Hand of Friendship
by

A Hand of Friendship

Good morning to you Brave hearts.

Hail the moral almighty human, whose words and deeds resound in peace. Oh moral human from ages past, with intellect of humanity, sharing and courage. Rise to the daunting challenge of the new world as it encroaches upon you. Brave hands extended in friendship, in peace, in mutual prosperity. Brave strangers, who dared peace not war, who dared conversation and negotiation. A peaceful assimilation, a marriage, an entrepreneur.
The voices of our ancestors call to us. We saved you, oh brave hearts, we became the almighty human. Legends are made of our feats of daring, of our collaboration and of our courage. Our prosperity and privilege from honest words and honest deeds and honest labour. The exchange of nationalities, the intertwining of spirits, the flesh of the mortal man, cast in iron and honed to steel.
The land has no mercy, conquer the land, the peoples are saved.
The brave accepted a challenge of rigorous duty. The call to nationhood in a land so vast and uncompromising. The stalwart rising each day to fulfill a quest of enterprise and trade. Mutual sharing, mutual trust, a negotiation so appealing to win the sides of the earthly human, to win the war without a battle, to win the fight for nationhood, to win the rights for freedom, to win the adventure of your lives.
The lives saved by skilled exchange, the communication for mutual prosperity, acceptance, dignity and trust. The contracts signed, mutually held. A bargain of trade, the prospect of riches, a business of grand proportions and a nation won and saved.
The hand of friendship extended in trust.
Worthy brave hearts whose daily toil was the hardship of the land. To rise each day to the battle of the elements, the hardship of the weather and the uncompromising, tedious toil and endless, difficult land. The dawn of nationhood carved from the elements of cold and snow, all for the beauty of the fabulous beast.
Adorn yourselves, you earthly spirits. Capture the heart of the European world. The new found gold is a treasure for us. A ready commodity of wealth and prosperity.
The land calls us, beckons and entices and the peoples are friendly. They extend a hand in friendship, no arrows cast or mean disputes. No terror and no war.
Come to the new world, calls the land, come to the adventure, you daring human. Rise to the challenge of the harsh endeavour, rise to the glory of this one day. For this is the day when time stands still, awaiting in anticipation, the outcome of change. The awesome human in conquest and daring, rose to the challenge of this day. For might was right among the negotiators and the powerful decreed the peace of the land.
Peace. Our fashion dictates the merchants greed and our people spy the valued need. Fur and trade, mutual sharing, compassion and kindness.
The land itself will take it’s toil in injury and lives lost. The inclement weather, the frostbite and the cold. Hearty human, gather around, our story of nationhood will unfold.

https://www.nfb.ca/film/voyageurs

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
March 1, 2014

To the Almighty Human
by

To the Almighty Human

good morning Brave hearts!
Welcome to the thrilling adventure of this day. Precious day, whose time unfolds in minutes and hours of pressing passing. Only a minute, only an hour. How to spend this precious day. In random idleness, in deliberate pursuits, in work, in play, in love in adventure. To sleep in, to rise early, to fulfill a passion, to merely dream. To focus on an objective, to rise to glory, to stumble, to fall, to resurrect oneself. The day presents the gift of giving, a fine and glorious day.
Dedicated time, just for you, to be used wisely, or to be languished away, to hone skills or to waste. The choice of this day is a call to your strength, to your fine aptitudes, to your brilliant quest. Each day, used wisely, properly fulfilled is a lifetime of achievement, a lifetime of personal bests, a lifetime of raising the bar and setting a goal, just out of reach, but reach for it you will. The constant pursuit of achievement, of success, in just minutes, or hours of a day.
Choose your paths wisely, oh great ones. Of the multitudes of experiences to choose for you living, choose wisely, oh brave hearts. One more skill to add to your collection of self fulfillment, one more skill for your personal accomplishments, one more skill to add to your directory, one more skill for a lifetime of success. It comes to you with this day.
This lucky day, brought to you by the rising sun. The universe calls your name, oh human and you rise to this day with the acceptance of your dutiful calling. Another day, in war or peace?
Tread softly on the great planet, oh brave hearts. Your destiny is fulfilled with each passing day. The minutes and the hours count for a life of worthwhile living. A life of success and adventure. Cone out into the playground of the world, oh great ones and fulfill the calling of your mind.
Here us! oh great human, calls the thriving planet. We are your salvation, your joy, your quest in life, you personal experiences and your challenge. What will be your adventure for this day?
Choose us! calls the great landscape. Come out to the adventure of your life. As is the past of your great ancestors, the wilderness called your name and the mighty responded. The ancient lives of our forefathers fought the rapids, dared the glaciers, carved paths of destiny through the snow. The lives of chilling adventure, of thrilling achievement, of success of the mind and body, of a pursuit of skills and enterprise.
To follow a path of such daunting challenge, to whereabouts unknown. To test their skills, their strength, their courage, their negotiations, their humanity, their common sense. Where does your life take you? To courage and sensibility, or to war and shame. To fight for the great freedom of the joy of living, or to fail and flounder in despair.
Hail, brave hearts, praises to the great negotiation. As the sun rises on this day, it will be a glorious day. Another skill sharpened, another test passed, another success. To remember your ancestors, who rose to each day, to fulfill the quest of the mighty man. A nation explored, a peoples who were generous and the conquest of personal challenge and personal might.
To your achievements, oh brave hearts.

http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/nwc/history/08.htm

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
Feb 24, 2014

by

Ancestory

Good morning Brave hearts!

Rise and shine! The world awaits you on this glorious day of fun filled adventure and grand survival. Hail to you, almighty human, for the far reaches of your destiny and for the clever intellect that saves you there.
Here, in the far north, resides the inventor. Clever human of specialized skills who lives in remote, but inspiring circumstances in the awesome and wondrous far north.
The inventor, who’s skills have saved them from the cold, from starvation and from isolation.
Scrape off your vehicles, run the engine, pull out the snow blower, shovel, shovel, shovel. The life in winter has it’s moments of back breaking hard work, icy sidewalks and treacherous driving. Pull out the sand, the salt, the ice melters. Let the plows pass to clean the streets. The snowy, blowy, frosty winter is upon us.
Hail bravehearts, to the brilliant lives of our forerunners. To building igloos, to building kayaks, to catching fish and to harnessing dogs. The life of the land was a hard one and the brilliant inventor survived by necessity, cunning and ingenuity.
The howling dogs greet their masters in the snowy morning. Dogs for hunting with and for pulling sleighs. Dogs that make their lives easier by transportation and pulling cargo. Dogs, harnessed to sleighs for sport, hunting, travelling and carrying. The dogs are a savior to the aboriginals of the far north. They carry far more than anyone could ever carry on a pack and travel more quickly and more efficiently. Dogs and man, an age old friendship, for dogs willingly accept habitation amongst humans and comply with training.
The dog sled was invented in approximately 800 BC by the Thule peoples of the Canadian high Arctic. Ancestors of the Inuit, the Thule people carved a niche in the far north, migrating hundreds of miles to their destination across the Canadian arctic. They traveled all the way across the continent of North America from Alaska, to new worlds on the other side, as far as Labrador. In the cold, snowy north, where game is plentiful, snowfall high and temperatures plunging to cold minus’s, these adaptive peoples resided.
The allure of the land held them captive and they lived on the abundant, prosperity of the gifts of the earth.
Clever aptitudes, building whale bone housing, covered with animal skins, or sod houses, or igloos. The inventor kept the cold at bay with warm housing made from the materials at hand.
Hail to you, oh brave hearts of the far north, for inventions that saved you, for perseverance and cleverness,for your great adaptability to a harsh and unforgiving climate in a land of awesome wonder and beauty. The ancient peoples of our nation resided in some of the harshest and most extreme climates in the world. Not mearly to survive, but to live and to thrive in dangerous and remote places.

http://www.glenbow.org/thule/?lang=en&p=outside&t=enhanced&s=3-1&mi=1

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
January 31,2014

by

The Kayak

Good Day, Brave hearts!

Rise to the early morning need of daily sustenance. Your food awaits you in the refrigerator, the freezer, the cupboard, the pantry, the kitchen, the grocery store and the meal is cooked on the stove, in the microwave, the kettle, the oven, the coffee maker. Your adrenaline soars and your spirits rise as the smell of your morning brew awakes you, from Guatemala, from China, from Venezuela, from India, from Columbia, from Thailand and the brands are from other sources all world wide as our morning starts with international brews from all over the world. International trade has given us a boost to start the day and out of the house we go.
But wait, what did you say? The morning starts with the catch of the day? You rise at day break, but there is no dawn and you set out on ice flows to catch a fish, or a walrus, or a seal? You rise at whatever time your biological clock rouses you and you put on your mukluks and warm winter clothing and venture out to catch your mornings feast. The blast of cold air awakens instantly and the hunt is on.
The voices of fellow hunters call and the companionship that binds and protects creates the security of the small band.
Here in the far north the hunters pick up harpoons and kayak and prepare to enter the Arctic ocean, for the catch is just off shore.
4000 years of Arctic dwelling has left these experts to a life of fortitude. The craft, a kayak, is an invention of theirs, 4000 years of ocean hunting and 4000 years of kayak building.
The craft is made of wood, or driftwood, or bone with seal skin stretched over the shell. The paddle is made of wood or bone and the clothing of sealskin to repel water. The skin spray skirt keeps the water out and keeps the boat dry in case of capsizing. The famous and necessary Eskimo roll was first performed by these Inuit hunters.
The Inuit are the inventors of the kayak and have been using these specifically made boats for thousands of years. Each man has a boat of his own, made to fit him perfectly.
In an area so remote as Greenland, Baffin Island and the northern Arctic coastline of Canada, where these people choose to dwell.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayak

Now, with harpoon and kayak, the great hunter can catch walrus, fish, seal and whale. The necessities of life.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTGGHBq5je8 A History of the Kayak and the Eskimo

Although this film is about Alaska, it gives a good depiction of the life of the Inuit, which would be typical of Canadian history as well.

Written by Dr. Louise Hayes
January 24, 2014

by

A dedicated place

Good day to you, Brave hearts

This day brings you the glorious, the fabulous, the fascinating, the wonder, the joy of creation: what beauty is. To aspire to the cause of your finest aptitudes, look around you, oh great ones. The joy of the never ending planet, with its marvels and toils, brings you fresh inspiration and wonder with each day. Yours is the mind that can perceive it, can develop it, can explore it. Since the dawn of time, man has been greeted with the pleasures of the great planet and all of its wonders.
“For the beauty of the Earth, for the beauty of the skies, for the love which from our birth, over and around us lies.” hymnary song
http://www.songandpraise.org/for-the-beauty-of-the-earth-hymn.htm
You, so fortunate as to be the creation of a human.
Still, the great planet casts each and every one of us into the land of our home. The Earth places us here and we dwell in the land of it’s creation. The migration of mankind lead them to the land of their destiny. A brilliant land, an abundant land and a challenging land. Here, almighty human, is the door opened for you, to stir the imaginings of your brilliant mind.
The land filled with succulent fruits, wary predators, catchable beasts. The land, with its awesome wonder, the landscape, the star filled skies, the warm and glowing sun. All of your needs are met, with the intelligent pursuit of the land.
The fascinating beauty unfolds as each aptitude is tested and strengthened, not yours to merely survive, but to live the grand and glorious adventure, that all the world provides. Hail to you, brave hearts, for the awesome beauty of the world, compels you to venture, to discover, to explore, to challenge and to take risks. For beauty can sometimes drive you and your aptitude to yield it’s highest purpose.
The land, with its ever changing fascination. It beckons us to seek health benefits, to feed us, to nurture us, to cloth and to shelter us. The great planet, with its endless creativity, gives each and every place it’s own special purpose. Each and every human race is the caretaker of their special place.
What drives you, almighty ones? Open your eyes to the wonder of this world. To the fascinating gifts of daring and adventure, of inspiration and creativity, to the endless pursuit of beauty and grace. A home, so filled with love and generosity, of perfect adoration and endless care. A home that saves and protects us, shelter from the billowing storm, warmth and security. A place made special, by the pursuit of a mind dedicated to the pursuit of aptitudes of décor, of culinary delights, of homemade remedies and helpful partnering.
You, almighty ones, are chosen. Chosen to dwell in lands of adversity, of difficult climate, of constant change. That land, that barren oasis, is filled with possibilities for the persistent mind. The earth puts you there, almighty human, like it plants its trees and sends its wildlife. Nurture and care, oh caretaker of the planet, you are needed where you survive and live and dream and love.

http://nunavut.adventures.com/nunavut_parks.html

Care for the great planet, as it calls out your name, human, save us.

written by Dr. Louise Hayes
January 22, 2014