David Thompson

David Thompson

1814 map of the Pacific Northwest and central ...

1814 map of the Pacific Northwest and central Canada by David Thompson. The Kootenay River is shown near the bottom left as McGillivray’s River. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Always, there are heroes.  Always there are those whose feats are more daring, whose lives are more accomplished, whose endeavors more respected, whose praises more deserving.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Thompson_(explorer)

A name rings out from our history.  A name of the fur trade, a name of accomplishment, unparalleled achievement, a surprise!  A victory for us in the mapping of the land.  The long stretches of river lay before them, the endless land.  On it goes, seemingly forever.  The land, the water, the endless travel, the constant voyage.  How far?  To map the country, how far?

Day after day, the endless journey.  Mile after mile the endless mapping, negotiation, fur trading and establishing fur trading posts.   On and on into the annals of history for this one persistent and indomitable being.  The great negotiation saves us and the great negotiation lasts forever.

This almighty human was David Thompson and the great negotiation was his metis bride, Charlotte Small.  Together they travelled thousands of kilometers throughout the country.  On and on, mile after mile with a mission to accomplish an enormous feat.  The endless mapping, the constant surveying, the passion!  It must be done.  The thousands of kilometers of surveyed land all throughout Canada and Northern United States.

http://www.thefurtrapper.com/david_thompson.htm

To pass the route to another.  No more the unknown land.  No more the fear of failure, the lost souls of the misguided would now have a marked route, a secure map, a written guide.  Someone has gone before and secured the way, spoken to the people, traded, claimed the unknown, claimed the land and its people and saved their lives.

Oh, to be the aptitude of the brave and daring.  To set the pace of adventure, skills, knowledge and courage. To be the champion.

The vast river system of continental Canada and northern United States provided a lifetime of travel and adventure and professional pursuits as well.  From Ontario to the Pacific, down the Columbia River to it’s end at the Pacific Ocean, down to the Mississippi River,  along the boarder of Canada and the United States, north to Lake Athabasca.

The spirit soars in a human who has no disability, only a limp and the loss of site in one eye.  All of the surveying, the astronomical calculations, the travel by canoe, horseback, on foot, limping along an unknown course, his vision impaired by loss of site.  No disability here.  Only the passion, only the drive, only the will to succeed and the call of adventure.

Come, almighty man!  Becons the great unknown and the adventure begins.  It ends with the congratulation for the achievement “the greatest land geographer who ever lived”  For mapping millions of kilometers of land and producing maps so accurate they were used in Canada for approximately 150 years.

Hail bravehearts.  Let your stories be known.

In a nation of fantastic achievers, one name calls to us from the past.  I live forever.  I am David Thompson.

written by Dr. Louise Hayes

June 17, 2013

www.bbcanada.com/10895.html

http://www.empowernetwork.com/?id=louisehayes

Coureur des bois

Coureur des bois

Bonjour, almighty human.  Welcome to this day.

This is an awesome day of great courage, adventure, exploration and discovery.  A day filled with the life of brilliant mankind, the negotiator, the peacekeeper, the intellectual, the athlete.

The investigation and settlement of our great nation comes from the brilliant aspirations of great minds, healthy bodies, bold and courageous spirit and constant daring.  To travel where no European had gone before.  To take the challenge of everyday courage and to explore a land of unknown peril,  sometimes, to fight the unbeatable foe.

To take up trade items and to develop trade routes through a land of changing conditions, constantly battling the weather,  negotiating treaties, fighting the currants of swift flowing rivers.  The constant negotiation for good relations, the constant perils of unseen deathtraps.  The unknown, always, the unknown.

The passage into the interior of the country was mainly by water. Rivers, lakes, canoes!  The canoe of the Coureur de Bois, laden with trade items to maintain the negotiated peace with the native peoples.  Trade for wealth, trade for exploration, trade for peace.  A land established by the peaceful negotiation of mutual prosperity.

http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_furtrade/fp_furtrade2.html

Hail Bravehearts!  For the peace amongst you was for the beneficial, mutual prosperity of the peoples of the nation.  The negotiated peace was trade to make your lives easier, trade to make your lives more secure, trade to reduce barriers, strengthen bonds, build congenial relationships, allow exploration and the building of forts and settlements.  Trade, without hostility, trade to connect to an unknown peoples, trade for influence and to reduce war faring.

Trade to encourage contact, to learn new ways, to respect.  Trade.  The nation was built from trade.  Not only trade in commodities, but trade in culture and language as well.  The curiosity of the peoples reduced their hardships and the mutual respect saved their lives.

The Coureur de Bois, with canoes laden with items for trade, navigated the lakes and river systems of this great land.  They explored the country, opened the nation, found new river highways to travel throughout the country.  They negotiated the great peace, survived the call to the wild.

Come, beckons the great land.  Come!

The courageous explorers paddled their canoes into the heart of the dark, foreboding stillness.  The great wild!  Where only the birds call and the penetrating quiet of life deafens the thunder of remote civilization.  Gone is the city.  Now, the only street is the river.  The thunder is now the rapids and the gossip comes from the birds.

Wonderful peace!  The wild allures.  The remote shore, the distant horizon, the untravelled land.  The unrivalled superiority.  All of this for the freedom of adventure, for the challenge of a great day, a life of unrivalled adventure.  All of this for the building of a great nation, a great life and a bold and daring existence.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coureur_des_bois

Welcome, to the Coureur de Bois for the lasting peace.  For exploration and community and for the fight that beats the unbeatable foe.

Written by Dr. Louise Hayes

June 13, 2013

www.bbcanada.com/10895.html

http://www.empowernetwork.com/?id=louisehayes

The St Lawrence River

The St Lawrence River

English: Map of Jacques Cartier's second voyag...

English: Map of Jacques Cartier’s second voyage to North America in 1535-6. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Good Day!  You Awesome Human.

As we explore our great country through Rivers to Oceans week, we celebrate the daring, the courage, the monumental feats of bravery.  The country was explored and opened by brave hearts.

The exploration by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to 1542 was the first European exploration of the St. Lawrence River.

The oceans brought the European to the already well inhabited land.  The country had been populated for thousands of years already, by migrants who crossed the northern land mass and settled in  the continent.

The Europeans crossed the oceans in a daring adventure of exploration, to discover what lies beyond the horizon and to unite worlds separated by water, tides, waves, weather, distance and fortitude.

Only your dreams will push you on, only your nightmares will stop you!

The bold adventurers came, onward, onward, into the straits of the St. Lawrence and pushed their crafts farther into the heart of the nation.  The contact was made, the discovery excels.  A new people, a new world, new trade, new prosperity.   The St. Lawrence River was the channel of discovery for these fortunate mariners.  It brought them fame, fortune, trade and the exhilarating right of conquest.  It secured their mission, proved their aptitude, yes, almighty human, the doors to the nation opened and the country let them in.

The mighty St. Lawrence River was the pathway to prosperity, negotiation, settlement and pride.  Oh, you worthy stalwart, to set sail on that day, one day, for the quest of your lives, for the rest of your lives.  To be the history, the making of a great nation.  To be the almighty man.

That one awesome, inspired day, became the might and greatness of several great nations.  Jacques Cartier for France visited a country named for a collection of huts.  Kanata!  And so it was born.  Born from the passage of a great river, born from the passage of a great ocean.  Born from brilliant aptitudes of navigation, sailing, shipbuilding, negotiation, leadership, compassion and daring.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_cartier

The bold adventurer seeks the challenge and the brilliant aptitudes achieves it.

The consequential negotiation brought fantastic prosperity to France.  The oceans yielded a seemingly unlimited harvest of fresh fish for the hungry. Food in abundance, led early settlers to a new land, a new life of promise.  The negotiation was successful, colonization was possible.  The impossible dream would be attempted.

For France the colony meant new lands, new life, new wealth.  The daring challenge was met, the conquest told.  Oh you fortuitous stalwarts, climb aboard.  Climb aboard for the adventure of you life.  There’s no looking back.  And so they did.   Pioneers who could settle an unknown nation, with unknown plants and soil.  To cut a tract of land for farming, build houses, invent.   To set the course of history.  To be the indomitable human.

http://suite101.com/article/jacques-cartier-and-charlesbourgroyal-a173492

The first colony was on the banks of the mighty St. Lawrence River.  It didn’t last, but the failure didn’t stop  them.  Another attempt would be made.

Rivers to Oceans.  This week is for us. This is our cultural heritage.  From rivers and oceans our nation was born.

Hail, almighty human.

written by Dr. Louise Hayes

June 12, 2013

www.bbcanada.com/10895.html

http://www.empowernetwork.com/?id=louisehayes

A Colony

A Colony

Good morning all you awesome beings.  It’s another day of creation and grandeur.  Another day of bold inspirations and  undertakings.

Hear the call, as the earth awakens.  It becons us.  Rise, mankind, your call to another fabulous day.

Here, sighs the great planet, as another morning approaches, another sun climbs into the sky, another day unfolds before us.  Here, almighty human, is another day, for you.  For your quest, for your courage, for your heart, for your adventure.  Inspired human, with such magnificent aptitude, leadership, knowledge, strength and skills.  You, who rise above the rest and say, follow me, follow me, follow me to the ends of the earth, to the end of time. Oh mortal man, with mortal life, follow me into the unknown.  Follow me into dread and peril.  Follow me into dark and danger.  Follow me, for I am the leader and you are my dutiful subjects.  Follow me.

http://www.history.com/shows/Vikings

Their greatly skilled leader chose a formidable route, through the high seas to lands of unpromising abundance.  Weather, snow, hardship and toil.  The lands were harsh, the landscape difficult, the weather unbearable, the oceans high and tumultuous, wind, current, rain.  Still to travel on, to voyage of discovery, to tales of heroic triumph, to be the unbeatable foe.  The quest was immense, the distance overwhelming, the hero an uncanny mortal man.

We’ll colonize here, demands the mighty leader and the deathly, dread of the dutiful subjects acknowledge their plight.  Yes, they will stay.  In this unknown place, their fate is sealed.

http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/index.aspx

For a few spectacular years they foraged in the forest, built their small community, reaped a harvest and stayed in the strange, far off land of shrouded mystery.  Yes, these stalwarts survived.  The first landing, the first colony, the first nation to set foot on the land of plenty.  The colonization was successful.  They survived the  winter and the warm, vibrant summer.  They proved their strength, their superiority, their skills and their might.  These early inhabitants from the north sea proved their creative genius, their will to survive, their superior strength of mind and body.  They felt the swell of pride in their chests, the song of glory in their hearts.  Victory!  The thrill of achievement.  They were the almighty man!  The courageous adventurer, the indomitable foe!.

And then they left.

Home, cries the heart.  Home cries the soul.  Home cries the spirit and with the homesick heart of man, came the compelling urge to abandon.  They left.

400 years would pass before another from their continent would traverse the high seas to these far off lands.  The year is 1000 AD.  The people were farmers from the Scandinavian countries.  Farmers, who dared to be sailors.

Without their heroic leader, they no longer had the desire or the inclination to set their sights on destinies unknown.  No longer the urge to explore uncharted waters, to discover great continents.  No longer the will or the drive to mount an expedition of men to pursue the call to adventure.

Now, they were quiet.  The gift of that great spirit of man that moved them to acts of tremendous courage had parted.  They waited in quiet anticipation for another.  Who would lead them on?  Their memories of grandeur moved them.  Dare we?  Should we?  A leader was needed.  Their patience was uneasy.  The adventure was necessary.  A new leader was needed,  but the leader didn’t come.

http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/society/text/what_happened.htm

Written by Dr. Louise Hayes

May 27, 2013

http://www.bbcanada.com/10895.html

http://health.biotrust.com/our-story/

http://www.empowernetwork.com?id=louisehayes

The People

The People

Good morning, mankind. Good morning, brave new world.

Ours is a world of adventure, built from a society of healthy, adapted people who met the challenge of life in the unchartered wilderness. A society of people who greeted the wild landscape with awe and inspiration. These peoples who followed the wildlife as hunters, who listened to the song of the Earth with gladness. The migrating birds filled their lives with prosperity, the lakes and oceans filled their stomachs with nutritious food, the forest plants provided berries and fruit. This is a land of plenty, to the daring adventurer whose heart sang at the challenge of living.

And what is it to live? Is it merely to survive?  visit : http://extreme.com and view a video of one of the latest extreme sports. The daring adventurer lives for the joy of climbing the mountain, swimming the lakes, canoeing the rivers, hiking and hunting and dreaming the dreams of life everlasting. Praises to the great planet! Praises for the abundance of harvest! Praises for the joy of living! This amazing ancestor had all of the necessities of life. Clean air from uncut forests, clean water from unpolluted streams, food in abundance from a land of plenty, medicines from herbal remedies available from plants. The early human was an indomitable being, strong and courageous with a will to survive and live in prosperity.   This human was a genius at survival, able to craft tools, hunt, fish and play.  This human, who dressed in skins and furs.  The civilized man who lived in settlements and built communities.

This  civilized human who had so much luxury, they could share.   Furs for clothing, furs for bedding.  Skins for clothing and  skins for furnishings.  They had so much, that they would trade and share.

Share, the land, share their prosperity, share their wealth.  They would give their children in marriage, share their culture, share their knowledge, share their wisdom of the earth.  All who were so fortunate as to befriend them would live in safety and kinship and compassion.  Share this great land.  There was plenty for all.

Plenty of land, plenty of food, plenty of resources.  Not only for the human, but for the wildlife as well.  The land was filled with wild life and the lakes and oceans were filled with aquatic species.  So  much abundance from the Earth.  No hunger to the skillful hunter.

Our fortunate ancestors came to a land of humanity.  The people had luxury and leisure.  The trade in beads for artwork was an addition to the already bountiful life of the indigenous peoples.  They had time to spare and time to work on their great works of art.  Beads were in addition to their already well developed dyes for painting, feathers, bone and skin that were used constantly in art and apparel.

The people lived in developed settlements all across the country.  A civilization of unique people with culture derived from the abundance of the Earth.

Your call to action:  share this post.  please visit: http://www.nativecraftsworld.com for a look at native heritage today and to listen to the sound of their culture, the spiritual healing music from A Journey to a Star.

written by Louise Hayes

May 8, 2013

The Unconquered Land

The Unconquered Land

Good Day all of You.  Welcome to National Preservation month.

This month we celebrate the great nation that we are.  This is a nation of prosperity, of grandeur, of negotiation, of peace!  Look around yourselves!  This great land given to us by the Almighty!  This land, this great peace!  A nation founded on Love, adventure, compassion, sharing and caring. This land, in the immense universe.  This land on planet Earth.

The early explorers encountered a land of diversity.  Fabulous creation by the great planet!  A wealth of discovery to explore.  This land, cast by the hand of the Almighty.  Fabulous country.  Awesome mankind.  Who are we, but the daring adventurer.  The uncharted wilderness was only a dare, courageous human, to explore.  Courageous human to share.  Life everlasting.  No  mortal perish. One great nation, one unified force.  For preservation, for  humanity, the moral, courageous spirit of man.  Hail Braveheart.  Your bravery conquers all.

Here, the parklands preserve and protect, the immense uncharted wilderness.  Here, the indomitable predator saves that wilderness space.  It’s need to survive demands the compliance of the spirit of the moral man, who listens to the song of the planet.  Sing!  Awesome planet!  Sing the song of your brilliant inspiration.  Sing the song of life, liberty, freedom!  Sing from your heart, your mind and sing from your soul!  The fabulous great Earth sings from the being of its creatures.  It sings with the wind, the howls of wolves, the song of the loon, the hoot of the owls and the buzzing of bees.  The Earth sings and it sings with glory!  Almighty mankind sing the praises of this great planet.  Sing with the Earth.  Sing with the great Forest, the tumbling waters, the gentle breezes.  Sing with the giants of the planet as they play and dance in freedom.  Sing for another protected place, another surviving ecosystem an0ther warm and endearing heart, another day.

Mighty human, who encountered no adversity here, praises.  The guiding light that shone for you centuries ago, is still the guiding light of this nation.  No plunder here.  No war.  A nation at peace with its peoples.  A nation where it’s multicultural people experience that direct acceptance.  That direct kinship.  That direct connection to place.  visit:  www.pc.gc.ca/progs/lhn-nhs/index.aspx  for national historic sites

It is wilderness, full of the beauty of the creation of the Earth.  The birds fly in multitudes,  the mighty beasts fill the lands and the ocean brims with creatures aquatic.  This is the land that the Almighty gave us and this is the land we share.

Early man, who married the indigenous people and lived.  Clever human, to   share so wisely.  To care so deeply.  To love so unconditionally.  Clever human, to build this great land.  To protect.   To preserve.  Clever human, to save the forest so the earth can breathe, to save the watershed so that the earth can cleanse itself, to save the animals so that the earth can create another miracle of an ecosystem, a miracle of life, a miracle of love.  The gift of the Almighty, to the human, was the great planet Earth, with all of the magnificence that  the Earth can create.  Lucky human, to share such a tremendous creation as the great planet Earth.

The Earth sighs,  thank you, almighty human, for protecting all of my creation.  The needs of the planet are high.

Thank you almighty human for saving the great oceans and all of the aquatic life within.  Thank you great human, for the protected airways, the protected landscapes and the protected ecosystem.

I am the great planet Earth.  Your holy ways of peace and acceptance, great human, thrive with me and we live for another day.  I am the great planet Earth, awesome mankind.  Sing with me and we express our joy, dance with me and we move in harmony.  Share with me and we dine in abundance.  Drink the waters of my pure unpolluted waterways.  Heal with me and we rid the pain.  Listen to me, almighty human.  I am the great planet Earth.  All of my creation is for the joy, the love of my being.  Care for it, great human.

I am all that you have.

Your call to action:  share this post.  visit www.pc.gc.ca/progs/lhn-nhs/index.aspx for national historic sites.  Also visit http://www.savetheearth.org/  for updated information about the state of the planet.

Written by:   Louise Hayes

May 4, 2103

Food

Food

Food

Imagine the homestead to be a self sustaining property. The house and grounds were all that this family needed to survive. On a lot size of 100’x100′ there is room for various plantings and livestock as well.
This particular homesteader divided her lot in half. 50’x100′ was set aside for her livestock. The animals included 6 turkeys, for eggs and meat, 1 goat for mild, cheese, yogurt, butter,ice cream and cottage cheese. One sheep for wool and meat.
Goats produce approximately 3 litres of milk a day, so one goat provides enough milk for this family. One sheep produces 15 lbs. of wool a year. This wool yields 7.5 lbs of spinned yarn. This is enough yarn to kit sweaters, hats, mits and scarves for the family. The sheep, goat and turkeys will be pastured on one half of the property. The other half of the property consists of the house, a shed and the orchard and garden.
In the first year, the work is hard. She has to turn the soil to plant her gardens and this is back breaking, tiresome, work. She has to haul logs for her fire and to keep her animals healthy. The work is constant, but so is the reward. There is a daily supply of milk, eggs and meat. She has to churn butter and make cheese and yogurt, but she also has milk for ice cream and when the berries come, that adds to her luxury.
In the first year the homesteader planted red and black currants and raspberries. There is also rhubarb and an apple tree on her property. This provides enough fruit for her to sustain herself during the winter. She can dry her fruit and if there is a need, she can make pemican as supplies run out. She has also planted potatoes as a main crop which she can store in the cellar.
As the years go by, the homesteader becomes more affluent. Life is easier, since her primary needs of shelter, food, cloghing and warmth are easily met. There is less toil, so with more leisure, she becomes more adventurous. She plants two plums, a cherry, a hazelnut, a peach and an apricot tree. She transplants some of the raspberries to provide a privacy screen and to increase her yield. She plants one more of each of red and black currant and introduces white currant. Her berry production is high and her varieties with her enthusiasm. Two black lace elderberry, two gooseberry, two valiant grapes, three kiwi, two black raspberry, three lingonberry, a high bush and a creeping cranberry, plus blueberry. The exotics add to the wealth of the land, providing greater interest and nutritional value. The understory of the trees is planted with strawberry and herbs. Oregano, thyme, savor and sage are incorporated into her landscape for warmth for the trees and to savour her meats and cheeses and add additional flavour to her meals.
Lavendar, lily of the valley and roses provide scent for perfumes and soap. There are other flowers and flowering shrubs interspersed int the landscape to attract butterflies and bees.
Rhubarb and potato, plus carrots and other vegetables all produce food for her on this small plot of land.
Your call to action: share this post.
Visit http://www.ccafs-chiar.org for world climate change and food production.
Also, visit http://www.Fast-Growing-Trees.com for fruit bearing trees for your garden and to help the Earth breathe.
written by: Louise Hayes
April 7, 2013

The anti poverty campaigne Page 2

Here is an example of how to relieve some of the stress of overspending. The Sustainability Plan will help with the food budget, but there are other budgets to help relieve debt.
For instance, the clothing budget should be limited to $500.00 per person, every six months. (cost of living is allowed) This prevents excessive time and expenditure on shopping, so that people will focus their minds on other activities. It also demands an expenditure on clothing, so that people will be properly attired.
Your clothing should last 3 years so that you don’t need to shop for the same items every year. For instance, one shopping trip will be 6 pairs of denim pants and 6 tops. The next purchase is 6 bottoms, 6 tops, one sweater or jacket and sandals/shoes. Year 2 is a jacket, 2 sweaters, a dress, shoes, boots, 2 winter skirts. For men, dress pants, jacket , dress shirts, shoes, boots. The following spring bathing suites, athletic wear, running shoes, hiking boots, all season jacket. Year 3, winter coat and accessories, winter pants. spring is shoes, accessories, bathing suit, towel, sweater, extra tops and bottoms.

Without excessive expenditures on food and clothing, the family can save for other important needs, such as courses and recreational activity.

Luxury is required as part of Social Reform.

Written by Louise Hayes

The Anti-Poverty Campaigne

The Anti-Poverty Campaigne

Social Reform – the anti-poverty campaigne
Dr Louise Hayes
May 12, 2013
Save Your Wealth!
The wealth building module is an initiative to increase the prosperity of the family. Keep the family intact. Keep your family size small. Know yourselves. The gossip doesn’t belong to you. Don’t let them drive you to distraction. Beware of the guilt of the sources, even if they are members of your own family.
Part of wealth building is the security of the property and the people who live on the premises. It is better for the entire family if the elderly members of the family reside with their children. Parents and grandparents together raising children, provide more support and protection for each other and the property, than if they become divided and live separately.
The support of the grandparents income also provides economic wealth, especially during times of hardship. The grandparent earns a pension which they can use to help to support the family income. Their own money belongs to them, but it is by far better for everyone, society included, for grandparents to live with their children and grandchildren.
Grandparents provide after school care for school age children and can provide childcare for younger children. This gives the family time to work and play together. Rather than pay for daycare, the grandparents can run small errands or watch the children while the parents run errands and buy groceries.
Grandparents at home, help to prevent theft and other property crimes. When children have someone to go home to, there’s less bullying and abuse of the children. This reduces the need for after school care, not just for young children, but for adolescents as well. The child and adolescent has someone at home who is watching out for them. They have a place to go while their parents are working. They can go home. There’s someone to help them and supervise with their homework, someone who can teach them how to cook, someone who can supervise them with their friends.
The involvement of the grandparent absolves society of the resposibility of providing after school care to children and adolescents.
We are constantly building, constantly destroying the land. More and more people are building residences for fewer and fewer people to live in. Family homes with only two people living in them is wasteful and society is pressured to provide larger and larger homes for fewer people to live in. The strain on our natural resources is high and prices are rising accordingly. More and more people are seeking additional avenues of wealth generation and income to support themselves while the easiest means of support is to invite the family to live together.
Parents are becoming workaholics, just to survive and purchase unnecessary square footage for prestige. Workaholism is a detriment to the family. Parents are forced to find childcare and forced to accept the involvement of third parties. The involvement of the grandparent allows for some leisure time, with time for activities other than work and for some people, leisure time is a luxury.
A lot of families are mortgaged to the banks. Where does the inheritace go? Does it go to the banks in unpaid mortgage or to seniors residences for the care of the elderly? Duplexes, fourplexes, attached dwellings, apartments and estates all allow for the family to integrate with each other. The entire family, brothers, sisters, grandparents and children can all share one dwelling or group of dwellings. If the family is large, they can purchase an apartment and renovate it to meet their requirements, or buy an estate and all share the fabulous property The surrounding grounds have enough land for the garden part, or all of the Sustainability Plan.
Smaller families can share duplexes, fourplexes or attached dwellings. They can renovate larger homes according to the needs of the family.
They can use the Sustainability Plan to help feed their families and offset some budget concerns.